When China structures the new global ecosystem of green technology

The appearance of China at the forefront of environmental technologies – such as wind, solar electrical mobility, battery and storage, and hydrogen technologies – is the result of a systemic state strategy, based on complementary tools which have been perfected over the past twenty-five years. These include a scientific policy of technological integration, which was defined very early on ; industrial policies to attract and develop technologies chosen by the state, with the creation of advantages transmitted throughout the entire value chain (from primary industries such as mining, through to refining, material extraction, technologies, systems and ecosystems) ; regularly revised regulations in order to keep foreign companies in China on a long-term basis while making the ecosystem progressively Chinese in order to create, determine the size of and control the domestic market ;  and, finally, using economic diplomacy and ‘green’ finances in order to establish a competitive global advantage. By means of these techniques, China is putting back on track a part of its industrial economy which had been neglected, namely the protection of new industries, and is also questioning traditional strategies of investment and innovation.