Non-proliferation and industrial co-operation with Russia

What have been the consequences for science in Russia following the collapse of socialism ? How has science, whose application was traditionally for military purposes, managed to diversify subsequently ? What role can Europe play in order to encourage the redeployment of scientists into civilian activities ? The answers given by three specialists from different disciplines, a female researcher, a senior European civil servant and a former Russian minister who has since become head of a company, seem to come to the same conclusion. Marie-Laure Couderc, in her thesis on the evolution of the Russian scientific system since it opened in the capitalist market, suggests an interpretation based on the concept of the "entreprisation" of institutes (making them into entreprises). Didier Gambier emphasises the political and economic stakes of non-proliferation. Finally, Boris Saltykov underlines the opportunity for industrial partnerships with Europe in order to accompany the changes in Russian research.